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#美国伊朗对峙
Phase 2
Inflation refers to the phenomenon where the prices of most goods and services in an economy generally and continuously rise over a period of time. Essentially, it is caused by the total social demand exceeding total social supply or the money supply exceeding actual demand, leading to currency devaluation. It is usually measured by indicators such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and has various impacts on the economy and social life.

Core Concepts and Measurement
1. Definition and Essence: Inflation implies a sustained increase in overall prices. Under conditions of currency circulation, its fundamental cause is often attributed to the money supply exceeding the actual needs of the economy, or total social demand surpassing total supply.

2. Main Measurement Indicators: The most commonly used measurement is the Resident Consumer Price Index (CPI), which reflects the overall changes in the prices of goods and services consumed by residents. The inflation rate is usually calculated by the growth rate of price indices, such as the year-on-year or month-on-month increase of CPI. The National Bureau of Statistics indicates that CPI is an important indicator for observing the level of inflation, often using the rate of price increase as the inflation rate.

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