#walrus $WAL contract on Sui. After verification, the Seal contract releases key shards, which are returned to the Ethereum application via a cross-chain bridge. The entire process is transparent to the user.

Dynamic permission revocation is also critical. For example, when an employee leaves, their access to all company data must be immediately revoked. Traditional systems may suffer from permission synchronization delays, but Seal’s smart contract execution is instantaneous. Once the revocation transaction is on-chain, the employee immediately loses access to new key shards. Any already obtained shards will quickly become invalid due to the rotation mechanism.

Compliance-driven data deletion is an interesting issue. Regulations like GDPR require users to be able to request data deletion, but blockchain data cannot be erased. Seal’s solution is key destruction: although encrypted data remains on Walrus, the key shards are permanently destroyed. Without the key, the data cannot be decrypted—effectively deleting it. This cryptographic erasure may be legally recognized as valid data deletion.

On performance optimization, Seal has done significant work. Reconstructing key shards is computationally intensive, but precomputation and caching can greatly accelerate it. For frequently accessed data, the reconstructed key is cached for a period. Subsequent accesses use the cache directly, avoiding repeated reconstruction.

Key shard storage is also distributed and does not rely on a single key management service. Even if some nodes are permanently lost, as long as more than the threshold number of nodes remain alive, the key can still be recovered. This decentralized key management is more reliable than traditional HSMs (Hardware Security Modules), as it eliminates single points of failure.

Seal’s open-source nature allows the community to audit the code and uncover potential security vulnerabilities. The security of cryptographic protocols should not rely on secrecy but on mathematical robustness. The open-source Seal has been reviewed by numerous cryptography