Beyond Token Holdings: SafeMoon Sets a Legal Precedent Against Liquidity Pool Fraud in DeFi
The SafeMoon sentence is an important jurisprudential milestone in the fight against DeFi fraud because it reinforces a simple principle “decentralized” infrastructure does not exempt insiders from accountability when they exploit investor trust and market structure.
In this case, the court recognized that control over liquidity mechanisms especially when marketed as “locked” or protected can be weaponized to misappropriate assets, drain liquidity, and enrich founders at investors’ expense.
Crucially, this also challenges a persistent misconception in crypto, fraud is not limited to founders merely holding or dumping their own project tokens. Market manipulation and value extraction can be engineered through liquidity itself. Creating liquidity pools, routing trades through them, and deploying one-sided liquidity or other asymmetric liquidity designs can function as a covert extraction mechanism allowing insiders to siphon value, destabilize price discovery, and effectively “rug” participants without an obvious token sell-off.
These structures can be presented as “liquidity support,” while in practice they enable systematic depletion of the protocol’s liquidity and the investors’ capital.
After this case, it becomes easier to spot similar patterns across the market. If a project’s team retains privileged access to liquidity pools, obscures wallet flows, denies trading while insiders actively trade, or uses liquidity architecture that consistently advantages insiders over users, those are not “DeFi quirks” they are red flags. SafeMoon shows that these tactics are not merely unethical; they can meet the legal threshold for fraud, and the consequences can be severe.
CEO of SafeMoon Sentenced to 100 Months in Prison for Multi-Million Dollar Crypto-Fraud Scheme
Braden John Karony Stole Millions of Dollars of Investor Assets to Fund Lavish Lifestyle Earlier today, in federal court in Brooklyn, Braden John Karony, the Chief Executive Officer of SafeMoon US LLC, a digital asset company registered in Utah (SafeMoon) was sentenced by United States District Judge Eric Komitee to 100 months in prison for conspiracy to commit securities fraud, wire fraud, and money laundering in connection with a scheme to defraud investors in a decentralized finance digital asset called “SafeMoon.” As part of the sentence, Karony was ordered to forfeit approximately $7.5 million. The amount of restitution to the victims will be determined at a later date. Karony was convicted by a federal jury following a three-week trial in May 2025. The jury also issued a verdict to forfeit two residential properties.
Joseph Nocella, Jr., United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York; James C. Barnacle, Jr., Assistant Director in Charge, Federal Bureau of Investigation, New York Field Office (FBI); Harry T. Chavis, Jr., Special Agent in Charge, Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation, New York (IRS-CI New York); and Michael Alfonso, Acting Special Agent in Charge, Homeland Security Investigations, New York (HSI New York) announced the sentence.
“Karony lied to investors from all walks of life—including military veterans and hard working-Americans—and defrauded thousands of victims in order to buy mansions, sports cars, and custom trucks,” stated United States Attorney Nocella. “Today’s sentence demonstrates that there are significant consequences for financial crimes. Our Office will continue to vigorously prosecute economic crimes that harm investors and weaken societal trust in the stability and security of digital asset markets.”
Mr. Nocella expressed his appreciation to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for its work on the case.
“Not only did Braden John Karony abuse his position as CEO, but he also betrayed his investors’ trust by stealing more than nine million dollars in digital assets from his company to fund his lavish lifestyle,” stated FBI Assistant Director in Charge Barnacle. “The FBI is committed to addressing fraud in the digital asset marketplace to level the playing field for Americans.”
“Braden Karony exploited his access to SafeMoon’s liquidity pool to divert and misappropriate millions in cryptocurrency. He deceived investors, using their funds to lavishly expand his portfolio with million-dollar homes and luxury cars. By employing complex transactions to obscure the movement of these illicit proceeds, Karony acquired over $9 million in crypto assets. However, the expertise of IRS-CI special agents in tracing financial transactions outmatched Karony’s intricate schemes. His game of hide-and-seek failed, and now he must face justice and serve time in prison for his crimes,” stated IRS-CI New York Special Agent in Charge Chavis.
“Braden John Karony’s sentencing exposes the deep betrayal at the heart of a scheme that preyed on the hopes and trust of SafeMoon investors. He and his co-conspirators orchestrated a scheme fueled by greed, and exploited the faith of over a million victims,” stated HSI New York Acting Special Agent in Charge Alfonso. “HSI New York, together with our law enforcement partners, will continue to work tirelessly to ensure those who exploit the trust of investors—whether through fiat or cryptocurrency—will face justice.”
Background on SafeMoon
SafeMoon tokens were digital assets first issued in March 2021 by SafeMoon LLC on a public blockchain. Through the operation of SafeMoon’s smart contract, every transaction in SafeMoon was automatically subject to a 10% tax, meaning that if a holder of SafeMoon transferred 10 SafeMoon to another user, 1 SafeMoon would automatically be retained from the transfer as a tax and the remaining 9 SafeMoon would be received by the other party. As marketed to SafeMoon investors, the proceeds of SafeMoon’s 10% tax were split into two 5% tranches, the proceeds of which were supposed to benefit holders of SafeMoon in specific ways. The first 5% tranche of the tax proceeds was supposed to be “reflected” back to, and distributed among, all SafeMoon holders in proportion to their current SafeMoon holdings and thereby increase the total quantity of SafeMoon held by every SafeMoon investor automatically. The remaining 5% tranche of SafeMoon tax proceeds was supposed to be deposited into designated SafeMoon “liquidity pools.” The larger the SafeMoon liquidity pool, the greater the liquidity in the market for SafeMoon. In the months after its launch in March 2021, SafeMoon grew to have millions of holders and a market capitalization of more than $8 billion.
The Defendants’ Fraudulent Scheme
Karony and his co-conspirators misrepresented various material aspects of the SafeMoon offering to investors. Such misrepresentations included that SafeMoon relied on “locked” liquidity pools that would automatically increase in size due to the 10% tax imposed on every SafeMoon transaction; that the “locked” SafeMoon liquidity pool prevented the defendants and other insiders at SafeMoon from being able to “rug pull” (a type of crypto fraud) SafeMoon investors by removing liquidity from the SafeMoon liquidity pool; that tokens in the liquidity pool would only be used for limited pre-defined business purposes, not personal enrichment; that the defendants would manually add token pairs to the SafeMoon liquidity pool when transactions of SafeMoon occurred on specific centralized exchanges; and that the developers were not and had not been holding and trading SafeMoon for their benefit.
In reality, Karony and his co-conspirators retained access to the SafeMoon liquidity pools and used that access to intentionally divert and misappropriate millions of dollars’ worth of tokens for their personal benefit. In addition, although they publicly denied that they personally held or traded SafeMoon, they repeatedly bought and sold SafeMoon, sometimes at the height of the SafeMoon market price, which generated millions of dollars in profits. Karony and his co-conspirators masked their movement of the fraudulent proceeds via numerous private un-hosted crypto wallet addresses, complex transaction routing, and pseudonymous centralized exchange accounts. Karony acquired over $9 million in crypto assets from the scheme and used some of the proceeds to purchase luxury vehicles and real estate, including a $2.2 million home in Utah, additional homes in Utah and Kansas, a $277,000 Audi R8 sports car, another Audi R8, a Tesla, and custom Ford F-550 and Jeep Gladiator pickup trucks.
Co-conspirator Thomas Smith pleaded guilty in February 2025 to conspiracy to commit securities fraud and wire fraud and is awaiting sentencing. Co-conspirator Kyle Nagy remains at large.
The government’s case is being handled by the Office’s Business and Securities Fraud Section. Assistant United States Attorneys Dana Rehnquist, Sara K. Winik, and Jessica K. Weigel are in charge of the prosecution, with assistance from Paralegal Specialist Melina Piatti-Chayan. Assistant United States Attorney Laura Mantell of the Office’s Asset Forfeiture Section is handling forfeiture matters and Assistant United States Attorneys Madeline O’Connor and Daniel Saavedra are handing restitution matters. The Defendant: BRADEN JOHN KARONY Age: 29 Provo, Utah E.D.N.Y. Docket No. 23-CR-433 (EK)
Do Kwon Gets 15 Years in Prison for $40 Billion Terraform Fraud
Terraform Labs Pte. co-founder and onetime fugitive Do Kwon was sentenced to 15 years in prison for the fraud that led to the company’s $40 billion collapse in 2022 and triggered a series of cascading crises in the cryptocurrency world.
Kwon, 34, was sentenced at a hearing Thursday in New York by US District Judge Paul Engelmayer, capping US efforts to prosecute the crypto entrepreneur after a legal fight to extradite him from Montenegro, where he was imprisoned for using a fake passport. He still faces fraud charges in his native South Korea.
“This was a fraud on an epic generational scale,” Engelmayer told Kwon. “In the history of federal prosecutions very few cases have caused more monetary harm than you did.”
Prosecutors had sought a 12-year sentence, saying Kwon’s lies to customers contributed to the “crypto winter” of 2022 and the failure of Sam Bankman-Fried’s FTX. Kwon’s lawyers asked for no more than five years, arguing his crimes were motivated not by greed but a desire to prop up Terraform’s TerraUSD stablecoin. The judge called that request “wildly unreasonable.”
The case is US v. Kwon, 23-cr-0151, US District Court, Southern District of New York (Manhattan).
🚨 LIVE FROM COURT: Do Kwon, in a yellow prison jumpsuit, pleads guilty to Counts 1 & 4 in the $LUNA / Terra case. This marks a dramatic turn — and could tie directly into behind-the-scenes talks speculated with Trump’s $USTC links. 👀🔥 Judge Engelmayer confirms Do Kwon is waiving his right to trial. Age: 33. Calm demeanor. The plea could open doors for negotiated outcomes — and if Trump’s holdings are real, the political-crypto crossover gets very real. ⚖️ With Do Kwon’s guilty plea now official, the question isn’t just “what happens to him?” — it’s “what happens to $USTC & $LUNC TerraClassic?” Could this be the setup for a market shock and revival play?
The decision regarding Do Kwon will be made on December 11, 2025. Do Kwon admitted to committing fraud between 2018 and 2022.
He stated that he would adhere to the agreement made with the prosecution and that the signatures belong to him.
Do Kwon faces a maximum of 12 years in prison and will pay a $19 million compensation penalty... The judge's decision will come on December 11, 2025.
🔔 We don’t know if this is the justice that investors affected by the LUNA and UST collapse deserve, but the legal process regarding Do Kwon is now coming to an end.
After TFL is removed from the equation, $LUNC and $USTC will continue their journey freely. A new era is beginning.
xStocks,Tokenised Stocks, and the New Era of Onchain Investing
What Are Tokenised Stocks? My Take on xStocks.com and What’s Coming Next
I’ve been exploring xStocks.com, and I think it’s one of the more exciting developments at the intersection of traditional finance and crypto. For anyone new to the concept, here’s a simple breakdown.
What Are Tokenised Stocks? Tokenised stocks are digital tokens that represent real shares of companies like Apple, Tesla, or Google. Each token is backed 1:1 by an actual share held by a trusted custodian. That means every token corresponds directly to a real-world stock, and the price of the token follows the stock price exactly. If Tesla’s stock price rises, the Tesla token (for example, $TSLAx) rises too.
Where Can They Be Traded? This is where things are getting really interesting. As of 30 June 2025, xStocks are going live across several platforms: ✅ Kraken — Trade over 55 xStocks in 185+ countries, 24h a day, 5 days a week, with direct withdrawals to self-custodial wallets. ✅ Bybit — Trade tokenised equities directly, enjoy fractional ownership, and tap into onchain liquidity, all inside your Bybit account. ✅ Solana ecosystem — xStocks are being rolled out across Solana. You’ll be able to swap them via Kamino Swap, provide liquidity on Raydium, or access them through Jupiter Exchange (the top aggregator on Solana). ✅ Byreal (new hybrid DEX) — Combining centralized liquidity with decentralized execution, offering tokenised stocks via RFQ. And what’s available so far? Big names like $SPYx, $AAPLx, $NVDAx, $TSLAx, $METAx, $GOOGLx, $COINx, $QQQx, $CRCLx, $MSTRx — with more on the way. You can check the full list at xstocks.com/products. You can hold these tokens in popular Solana wallets like Phantom, Solflare, or Jupiter Mobile, swap them directly in-wallet, or use them on Solana dApps. Liquidity pools are also being deployed, so you can earn fees and incentives by providing liquidity.
The Advantages
🌍 Global access — Invest from almost anywhere in the world. 🕒 24/7 trading (especially once onchain liquidity is fully live) — no waiting for market hours. 💸 Fractional ownership — Own a piece of a share without needing to buy a full stock. 🔗 Seamless integration — Move between tokenised stocks and crypto, or use them as collateral on lending protocols.
The Risks
Of course, it’s not without risks: ⚠ Custodian risk — The real shares are held by a custodian. If something goes wrong there, the backing could be compromised. ⚠ Regulatory uncertainty — Tokenised stocks are still a grey area in some jurisdictions. ⚠ Platform risk — If a trading platform or protocol fails, you could lose access to your tokens or liquidity.
Final Thoughts xStocks feel like a major step forward — blending real-world equities with the speed, flexibility, and openness of DeFi. They give people more choice, control, and accessibility than ever before. But like with any new innovation, it’s important to understand how they work, verify token addresses, and stay aware of the risks. This is what investing looks like when it’s designed for everyone. You can read more directly from BackedFi’s announcement. #Binance
JUST IN: Phantom Technologies Sued Over Alleged Wallet Vulnerabilities
Phantom Technologies is facing a lawsuit in the Southern District of New York over serious wallet security concerns. Attorney Thomas Liam Murphy and 13 plaintiffs accuse the company of gross negligence, fraud, and deceptive practices after a hacker allegedly exploited a major flaw, stealing over $500,000 in crypto.
According to the lawsuit, Phantom stored users’ private keys in unencrypted browser memory, making them vulnerable to malware. The attacker reportedly accessed three wallets without bypassing multi-factor authentication and used Phantom’s Swapper feature to liquidate stolen Wiener Doge tokens into Solana — crashing the token’s value from over $1 million to nearly zero.
The suit also names exchange OKX, alleging it enabled unauthorized swaps. Phantom has denied all claims, emphasizing its noncustodial design and ongoing collaboration with law enforcement.
The case has sparked broader concerns about wallet security as digital assets continue to gain mainstream traction.
Cathie Wood Warns: Most Memecoins Will Become Worthless
Ark Investment CEO Cathie Wood has issued a stark warning about the future of memecoins, predicting that most of them will eventually become worthless.
Speaking with Bloomberg Television, Wood highlighted how blockchain technology and artificial intelligence are fueling the creation of millions of new memecoins, many of which lack real value. Unlike Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana, she believes these speculative assets will not survive long-term.
Despite their popularity, memecoins remain highly volatile, often driven by trends rather than fundamental utility. The U.S. SEC’s decision in February to leave memecoins unregulated reinforces the risks involved.
"Buyer beware," Wood cautioned. "There’s nothing like losing money for people to learn. The SEC is not taking responsibility for these assets."
While she acknowledges that some may become digital collectibles, she remains bullish on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana, citing their growing real-world applications.
As the crypto market surpasses $2.6 trillion, investors may soon see a natural selection process, where only the strongest projects survive.
Elon Musk’s Twitter Gamble: How Tesla Stock Became Collateral for a Risky Bet
When Elon Musk acquired Twitter (now X) for $44 billion in October 2022, he didn’t simply write a check. Instead, he leveraged a significant portion of his Tesla stock to secure loans from major banks like Morgan Stanley, Barclays, and Bank of America. This high-stakes move has left Musk in a precarious position, as the fate of his social media empire is now tightly intertwined with Tesla’s stock performance.
Musk’s Collateral Play According to reports from The Washington Post, Musk had already used more than half of his 170 million Tesla shares as collateral for loans even before the Twitter purchase. By 2024, financial filings revealed that Musk had pledged over 238 million Tesla shares—roughly one-third of his total holdings—to cover his personal debts. Musk’s vast wealth is primarily tied up in his ownership stakes in Tesla and SpaceX, meaning liquid cash isn’t readily available. Instead of selling shares and paying massive tax bills, he uses them as collateral to secure loans. This strategy has worked well for him in the past until now. The Risk of a Falling Stock Price While Musk remains one of the richest people in the world, his financial empire is built on the assumption that Tesla’s stock will remain strong. However, Tesla’s stock has faced turbulence, and if the decline continues, the banks holding Musk’s loans could force him to sell his shares or even seize control of Twitter/X. Tesla itself acknowledged this risk in its 2022 annual filing, warning that if its stock price dropped low enough, Musk might be compelled to offload shares. Such a sell-off could trigger a downward spiral, further weakening Tesla’s valuation and putting even more pressure on Musk’s financial commitments. Could Twitter Be Repossessed? The most alarming possibility is that Musk’s creditors could end up repossessing Twitter/X if he fails to meet his debt obligations. Given that his loans have already been on the banks’ balance sheets for nearly two years, longer than some unsold deals from the 2008 financial crisis, there is growing concern that lenders may soon demand repayment. If Tesla’s stock continues to drop, Musk could face a situation where he is forced to choose between liquidating more of his Tesla holdings or surrendering control of X. Either scenario could have significant consequences, not just for Musk personally, but for Tesla’s stability and the future of Twitter itself. In short, Musk’s $44 billion Twitter gamble has turned into a high-stakes game where a crashing Tesla stock could cost him far more than he anticipated. #ElonMusk #Tesla #doge⚡ $BTC $DOGE
🚨BREAKING: RIPPLE CEO BRAD GARLINGHOUSE POSTS “THIS IS IT – THE MOMENT WE’VE BEEN WAITING FOR. THE SEC WILL DROP ITS APPEAL – A RESOUNDING VICTORY FOR RIPPLE, FOR CRYPTO, EVERY WAY YOU LOOK AT IT. THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT. LET'S BUILD”