Gourav-S

The current internet has one fundamental weakness: websites and web assets are stored on centralized servers. Even many decentralized applications (dApps) host their front-end or content using traditional hosting services like AWS or Cloudflare. That means if a server is taken down, blocked, or altered, the application can become inaccessible—even if its smart contracts remain intact on-chain. This partly defeats the purpose of decentralization.

@Walrus 🦭/acc addresses this gap by enabling decentralized websites through a concept known as Walrus Sites, allowing developers and creators to host the full web experience in a trustless, censorship-resistant way.

What Are Decentralized Websites?

Decentralized websites are web pages whose assets—HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images, and media—are stored in a decentralized storage network rather than on a single centralized server. Instead of pulling files from a traditional hosting provider, users fetch these files from a network of storage nodes that collectively maintain availability and integrity without a central authority.

Walrus Sites take this idea further by anchoring crucial metadata on the Sui blockchain, while the actual site assets are stored on Walrus.

This hybrid model combines:

On-chain coordination and ownership via Sui

Off-chain decentralized storage via Walrus

Strong data availability guarantees backed by protocol design

How Walrus Sites Work

When someone builds a Walrus Site, the process looks roughly like this:

1. Site Files Upload
Builders package static files—HTML, CSS, JS, images—and upload them to Walrus. Each file becomes a unique blob with a cryptographic identifier that proves its content and authenticity.

2. Sui Object Metadata
A Sui smart contract object is created holding references (blob IDs) to these resources. This ties web assets to blockchain logic and ownership.

3. Decentralized Hosting
Storage nodes across the Walrus network host encoded fragments of the site. Because of erasure coding and redundancy, even if some nodes go offline, the site remains retrievable.

4. Access via Portals
Users can browse Walrus Sites through portals like wal.app, or via service workers that fetch resources directly from the Walrus network, preserving decentralization.

5. Domain Naming
Walrus Sites can integrate with SuiNS (Sui Name Service) for human-readable names, replacing complex identifiers with familiar website addresses.

Why This Matters — Beyond Static Pages

Decentralized websites aren’t just “static pages in a new wrapper.” They are building blocks for a trustless web that can serve real Web3 applications:

Censorship resistance: No single authority can take the site offline or alter content.

Immutable content: Cryptographically verifiable blobs ensure that users receive exactly what was published.

Ownership and control: Site metadata tied to blockchain accounts means creators truly own and control their content.

Composability: Sites can integrate smart contracts directly via on-chain references, enabling interactive or personalized web experiences.

This makes decentralized websites ideal for a range of use cases including:

NFT project homepages

Decentralized applications with rich front ends

Community hubs that must stay online regardless of central censorship

Personal websites owned and updated solely by their creators

Walrus Sites are static by design, but that doesn’t mean they must be limited. Developers can link wallet interactions, smart contract calls, and on-chain state to make highly interactive and personalized web experiences without legacy hosting.

Real Early Adoption & Ecosystem Tools

The ability of Walrus Sites to host decentralized websites is already encouraging builders. Tools like Walpress APP provide interfaces for users to build and publish censorship-resistant sites by combining SuiNS domain resolution and Walrus storage, giving creators control over their digital presence in a Web3 environment.

In addition, decentralized portal services like Walrus Host help improve performance and accessibility for decentralized websites by caching and resolving site data through friendly domain names.

Challenges & Future Potential

While Walrus Sites make decentralized hosting practical, the model isn’t a direct replacement for traditional hosting in every context. For example:

Static web apps fit best right now

Dynamic server-side logic still depends on on-chain or off-chain execution layers

However, as the ecosystem evolves, integrations with wallets, smart contracts, and blockchain naming systems mean decentralized websites could become the default choice for trust-minimized front ends of Web3 services.

Conclusion

Decentralized websites represent a foundational shift in how the web can operate—moving control from centralized providers to the actual creators and users. Walrus Sites, backed by decentralized storage and Sui blockchain metadata, make this shift practical and increasingly accessible to developers today.

By enabling:

Censorship resistance

Cryptographically verifiable content

Blockchain-backed ownership

Seamless integration with decentralized apps

Walrus is not just hosting files — it is helping redefine what “the web” can be in a trustless world.

#walrus
@Walrus 🦭/acc
$WAL

Mỗi blockchain đều có một thiết kế kinh tế cơ bản xác định cách các giao dịch được xử lý, cách tính phí tính toán và cách phân bổ tài nguyên công bằng giữa người dùng. Trên Dusk Network, các cơ chế này được xây dựng với các trường hợp sử dụng thực tế trong tâm — đặc biệt là tính riêng tư, tuân thủ và quy trình làm việc dành cho tổ chức. Trung tâm của thiết kế này là $DUSK , đồng tiền gốc vận hành phí gas, phí giao dịch và các phần thưởng cho bảo mật mạng lưới. #dusk

Hiểu cách phí giao dịch và gas hoạt động trên Dusk không chỉ là lý thuyết kỹ thuật — mà còn làm sáng tỏ cách chuỗi hỗ trợ các nhà phát triển, người dùng và người xác thực trong một hệ sinh thái bền vững.

When smart contracts first entered the blockchain world, they promised to automate agreements, remove middlemen, and create trustless systems. But early implementations — especially on networks like Ethereum — revealed a challenge: everything executed by a smart contract is public. That level of visibility is fine for experimental DeFi, but it’s never going to work for regulated industries, institutional finance, or contracts involving sensitive data.

This is where confidential smart contracts come in — and why Dusk Network, supported by @Dusk , is designing them from the ground up to support both privacy and compliance at the same time. #dusk

What Makes Smart Contracts “Confidential”?

A typical smart contract broadcasts everything to the world:

Inputs from the parties

Transaction amounts

Internal calculations

Contract state changes

For many real-world scenarios, this is unacceptable. A business might not want competitors to see:

Contract terms

Pricing details

Settlement conditions

Performance metrics

Instead of exposing all this publicly, confidential smart contracts hide sensitive data on-chain while still executing logic and enforcing rules. On Dusk, these contracts use zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) to demonstrate that the right computations happened — without revealing private inputs or internal states. This means the network can verify that conditions were met, rules were followed, and outcomes are correct, without exposing underlying data.

How Dusk Makes Confidential Smart Contracts Work

Dusk’s confidential smart contracts are natively supported at the protocol level, meaning privacy isn’t an add-on feature — it’s built into how contracts are written and executed. This is a significant difference from traditional blockchains, where privacy often requires external tools or off-chain solutions that introduce complexity and risk.

At a technical level:

Sensitive inputs remain hidden during execution

ZKPs prove correctness to the network

Only authorized parties can access detailed views when necessary

Contract state can be updated privately without broadcasting details

This creates a secure environment where contracts can enforce real-world agreements without revealing business secrets.

Why Confidential Smart Contracts Matter for Institutions

Institutions, regulators, and enterprises care about smart contracts for different reasons than retail DeFi users. They need:

Legal compliance

Auditability

Confidentiality of business-critical data

Predictable behavior and enforceable outcomes

Confidential smart contracts bridge these requirements. On Dusk:

Sensitive contract terms remain private

Regulators can be granted selective access for audit purposes

Compliance rules can be coded directly into contracts

Business logic runs autonomously without exposure

For example, a confidential contract could execute an automated settlement for a bond issuance, enforcing compliance rules and payment conditions without exposing the underlying financial terms to the public. This transforms what was once a manual, paper-based process into a secure, automated, and private on-chain workflow.

Real-World Use Cases Enabled by Confidential Contracts

Confidential smart contracts unlock many institutional use cases that public smart contracts simply cannot support effectively:

1. Tokenized Securities and Regulated Asset Issuance
Dusk’s XSC (Confidential Security Contract) standard makes it possible to issue tokenized stocks, bonds, and other regulated assets that include built-in compliance and privacy. These contracts handle everything from transfer permissions to dividend distributions — all without exposing sensitive details publicly.

2. Private Auctions and Tendering
Enterprises can run sealed-bid auctions where bids and bidder identities remain confidential but the winner is provably correct.

3. Confidential Finance and Loans
Borrower income, credit scores, collateral details, and repayment conditions can all remain private while contracts automatically enforce terms.

4. Business-to-Business Agreements
Companies can automate supply chain payments, multi-party agreements, or complex financial arrangements where pricing and terms are proprietary.

These are tangible, practical workflows — not theoretical experiments.

Privacy and Compliance — Not Opposites, But Partners

A common misconception is that privacy undermines regulation. In fact, real financial systems rely on confidentiality with accountability. Dusk’s confidential smart contracts embrace this model by enabling selective disclosure: private by default, but transparent to authorized auditors or regulators when needed. This allows networks to protect sensitive data while still meeting compliance requirements and legal frameworks like MiFID II or GDPR-style rules.

The Role of DUSK in Confidential Execution

The $DUSK token plays a natural role in this ecosystem. It is used:

to pay for deploying and executing confidential contracts

to secure the network through staking

as an economic incentive for validators who verify ZK proofs

As confidential contract usage grows — whether for tokenized securities, regulated marketplace logic, or private financial workflows — the real utility of DUSK becomes stronger through actual network activity rather than speculation.

A New Architecture for Real Finance on Chain

Confidential smart contracts represent a fundamental shift in how blockchain can be applied beyond simple scripts and public DeFi dapps. By combining privacy, verifiability, and compliance, networks like Dusk are building the architecture institutions have been waiting for. This is not about hiding what goes on — it’s about protecting what needs to remain confidential while proving what matters most: correctness, compliance, and trust.

As regulated financial systems explore on-chain innovation, confidential smart contracts will be one of the key technologies that enable adoption at scale. And with its built-in support for privacy first, Dusk is already charting that course today.

#dusk
$DUSK
@Dusk_Foundation

Phía sau mỗi giao thức phi tập trung, có hai nhóm quan trọng quyết định liệu nó có thành công hay dần biến mất: các nhà xây dựng, người tạo ra các ứng dụng và dịch vụ, và các nhà vận hành, người điều hành cơ sở hạ tầng giữ cho mạng lưới hoạt động. Tại @walrusprotocol, token $WAL được thiết kế để phục vụ cả hai nhóm này theo cách thực tế và cân bằng—không buộc bất kỳ bên nào phải phụ thuộc vào các nhà cung cấp tập trung hoặc các động lực không ổn định.

Thay vì hoạt động như một tài sản đầu cơ, WAL hoạt động như một lớp phối hợp kinh tế kết nối các nhà phát triển và các nhà vận hành cơ sở hạ tầng thành một hệ sinh thái bền vững.

Privacy on blockchain is not just about hiding data — it’s about proving correctness without revealing sensitive information. This is where zero-knowledge proofs come into play, and among the most advanced systems in this space is PLONK. For Dusk Network, supported by @Dusk , PLONK is not just a technical choice — it’s a foundational pillar that enables scalable privacy, compliance, and efficiency on-chain. #dusk

Understanding Zero-Knowledge Proofs in Simple Terms

A zero-knowledge proof allows one party to prove that a statement is true without revealing why it is true. In blockchain terms, this means:

A transaction can be verified as valid

Rules can be enforced

Balances and identities can remain private

Instead of exposing raw data on-chain, ZK proofs ensure correctness mathematically. This approach is critical for real-world financial applications where transparency must coexist with confidentiality.

What Is PLONK?

PLONK (Permutations over Lagrange-bases for Oecumenical Noninteractive arguments of Knowledge) is a general-purpose zero-knowledge proof system designed to be flexible, efficient, and scalable.

Unlike earlier ZK systems that required custom setups for every new circuit, PLONK introduces a universal and updatable trusted setup. This makes it far more practical for evolving blockchain ecosystems like Dusk.

In short, PLONK allows complex rules to be proven efficiently — without revealing private inputs.

Why PLONK Is Different from Older ZK Systems

Earlier proof systems such as Groth16 were powerful but limited:

Every new application required a fresh trusted setup

Scaling to multiple use cases was costly

Flexibility was restricted

PLONK solves these issues by offering:

Universal Setup
One setup can support many circuits. This is essential for a live blockchain where smart contracts and applications evolve constantly.

Efficient Proof Sizes
PLONK proofs remain compact even as logic grows more complex, helping keep verification fast and cost-effective.

Strong Security Guarantees
PLONK relies on well-studied cryptographic assumptions, making it suitable for production-grade financial systems.

Why Dusk Network Uses PLONK

Dusk is designed to support privacy-preserving financial infrastructure, including compliant DeFi, confidential asset issuance, and private smart contracts. PLONK aligns perfectly with this vision.

1. Privacy with Compliance
Dusk enables selective disclosure — users can keep data private while still proving compliance when required. PLONK makes this possible by allowing complex conditions to be verified without exposing sensitive information.

2. Scalable Confidential Smart Contracts
Smart contracts on Dusk can execute private logic while remaining verifiable. PLONK allows these contracts to scale without ballooning proof costs.

3. Efficient Verification for Validators
Validators on the Dusk network can verify transactions quickly, even when they involve zero-knowledge logic. This helps maintain network performance and decentralization.

PLONK and Dusk’s Cryptographic Stack

PLONK does not operate in isolation. Within Dusk, it works alongside other optimized cryptographic primitives:

ZK-friendly hash functions like Poseidon

Private state commitments

Efficient Merkle structures

Together, these components form a cohesive privacy-first system where performance and security reinforce each other instead of competing.

What This Means for Developers

For builders, PLONK on Dusk unlocks:

Easier development of private dApps

Reusable proof infrastructure

Lower long-term maintenance complexity

Developers don’t need to reinvent cryptography — they can focus on real use cases while relying on a proven ZK framework.

What This Means for Users

For users, the benefits are subtle but powerful:

Transactions remain confidential

Rules are enforced transparently

Trust is shifted from institutions to mathematics

This is the kind of user experience needed for blockchain adoption beyond speculation.

A Foundation for Real-World Blockchain Adoption

As regulation and privacy concerns increase globally, blockchains that cannot support confidentiality will struggle to scale into real financial systems. PLONK gives Dusk the cryptographic flexibility needed to adapt without sacrificing decentralization or performance.

By integrating PLONK at its core, Dusk positions itself as a blockchain built not just for today’s crypto users, but for institutions, enterprises, and future on-chain finance.

Privacy is no longer optional — and with PLONK, $DUSK is building it the right way.

#dusk
$DUSK
@Dusk_Foundation

Một mạng lưu trữ phi tập trung không tự vận hành — nó phải tạo động lực cho mọi thành viên tham gia hành động theo cách bảo vệ tính khả dụng, độ tin cậy và bảo mật của dữ liệu. Trong @Walrus 🦭/acc , thiết kế kinh tế của token gốc WAL đóng vai trò trung tâm trong việc thực hiện điều này. Thay vì phụ thuộc vào sự đầu cơ hoặc các chương trình thưởng nhân tạo, khung khuyến khích của giao thức gắn kết phần thưởng và trách nhiệm trực tiếp với các hành vi có ý nghĩa, hỗ trợ sức khỏe của lớp lưu trữ theo thời gian.

Ở cốt lõi, $WAL thực hiện nhiều chức năng kinh tế được định hướng, tạo ra một hệ sinh thái tự duy trì: