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Noman_peerzada
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Thông báo cộng đồng ⚠️ | Cập nhật chính thức DDY

Chúng tôi muốn làm rõ: DDY là một dự án chân thực, minh bạch và hợp pháp.
Gần đây, một số cá nhân đã cố gắng gây nhầm lẫn bằng cách quảng bá các token giả mạo hoặc trùng lặp. Những tuyên bố này là sai và không có liên quan gì đến DDY thật.

🔒 Địa chỉ hợp đồng DDY CHÍNH THỨC DUY NHẤT là:
8M3CJC3QzKbaLcCFmyZGVVZ5MgPVN9DNQatSLNUpump

Không có hợp đồng nào khác đại diện cho DDY.

Cách bạn có thể xác minh DDY thật:

Cơ sở người nắm giữ đang phát triển và hoạt động

Lịch sử giao dịch minh bạch hoàn toàn trên chuỗi

Chi tiết hợp đồng khớp với hồ sơ chính thức

Các kiểm tra an ninh xác nhận không có rủi ro trên token DDY chân thực

Chúng tôi kêu gọi mọi người chỉ dựa vào các nguồn chính thức, luôn kiểm tra kỹ địa chỉ hợp đồng, và tránh tương tác với bất kỳ token không chính thức hoặc trùng lặp nào.

DDY vẫn cam kết với sự minh bạch, an ninh và phát triển lâu dài.
Cảm ơn cộng đồng của chúng tôi vì sự tin tưởng và hỗ trợ liên tục của bạn.

@The_Lion_King9876 @Crypto-First21 @Aayan_Mirza @Nadyisom @GM_Crypto01

#DUDDY #DUDDY #CommunityNotice #StaySafe
Dịch
nice
nice
ArsamRANDHAWA
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Dusk (DUSK) Price Prediction
@Dusk #dusk $DUSK Mainnet & Ecosystem Growth (Bullish Impact)
Overview:
Dusk’s Q1 2026 mainnet upgrade aims to unify its privacy-focused Layer 1 (DuskDS) with EVM compatibility via DuskEVM, enabling confidential DeFi apps. Node operators must upgrade by November 2025, with testnet stability critical for developer adoption.

What this means:
Successful activation could increase network usage, driving demand for DUSK as gas fees and staking rewards. Historical precedent (e.g., Polygon’s zkEVM adoption) shows such upgrades correlate with price revaluation if adoption follows.

2. RWA Tokenization & Regulation (Mixed Impact)
Overview:
Dusk’s partnership with Dutch exchange NPEX targets tokenizing €200M+ regulated securities using Chainlink oracles. However, MiCA compliance scrutiny and competition (Ondo, Polymesh) pose challenges.

What this means:
NPEX’s progress could validate Dusk’s niche in compliant finance, attracting institutional capital. Conversely, delays or regulatory hurdles might stall momentum. The project’s 30% staking APR (Dusk Forum) may offset sell pressure if institutions lock tokens.

3. Technical & Market Risks (Bearish Impact)
Overview:
DUSK’s price has surged 165% in 30 days, with RSI-7D at 84 (overbought) and Fibonacci resistance at $0.094. Meanwhile, the Altcoin Season Index sits at 27, reflecting broader market caution.
Dịch
duck fly
duck fly
ArsamRANDHAWA
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#dusk $DUSK

DUSK Token — Tiện ích & Kinh tế token
Cơ bản về token:

Biểu tượng: DUSK

Nguồn cung ban đầu: 500,000,000 token

Nguồn cung tối đa: 1,000,000,000 token (500 triệu còn lại được phát hành như phần thưởng staking trong nhiều năm)
Dịch
good profit
good profit
ArsamRANDHAWA
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#dusk $DUSK

Simple Pros (Advantages)

✅ Built for regulated finance:

DUSK Network is designed to support regulated financial assets on-chain (e.g., tokenized securities), with compliance features tailored for institutional use.

✅ Privacy + compliance

It uses zero-knowledge proof technology to balance core blockchain privacy with audit-friendly compliance.

✅ Staking & utility:

DUSK tokens are used for staking, transaction fees, and network participation (e.g., running nodes, governance).

DOCUMENTATION

✅ Long emission schedule:
Token emissions are spread over many years (36-year plan with halving-like reductions), designed to incentivize long-term network participation.

DOCUMENTATION

✅ Roadmap developments:
Upcoming roadmap items focus on deploying tokenized real-world assets and scalability upgrades, which can attract more users and use cases.
Dịch
nice
nice
ArsamRANDHAWA
--
#dusk $DUSK

What DUSK is used for:

✔ Transaction fees (gas) on the network

✔ Staking to secure consensus and earn rewards

✔ Governance voting for upgrades and protocol decisions

✔ Paying for services, deploying apps, and participating in network activity

Emission schedule:

DUSK tokens are gradually released over ~36 years, with incentives decreasing over time much like Bitcoin’s halving model.
Dịch
nice
nice
ArsamRANDHAWA
--
#dusk $DUSK

Ảnh Chụp Giá DUSK (Mới Nhất)
Tính đến dữ liệu gần đây nhất:

1 DUSK ≈ ₨40.55 (Rupee Pakistan) — khoảng $0.1020–$0.11200USD tùy thuộc vào tỷ giá và biến động thị trường.

Khối lượng giao dịch và tính thanh khoản tương đối hạn chế so với các đồng coin lớn.

Giá thay đổi liên tục — sử dụng một công cụ theo dõi giá trực tiếp hoặc sàn giao dịch để kiểm tra ngay trước khi mua/bán.
Dịch
Short- to Mid-Term Price PredictionsAnalyst & algorithmic forecasts vary widely, because crypto prices depend on both fundamentals and overall market trends — there’s no guarantee of any outcome. 📅 Forecasts from different sources Neutral/modest growth outlook: ~2026 average: $0.20–$0.25 (Gradual increase scenario). Moderate bullish forecasts: 2025–2029 sees possible ranges like: 2025: ~$0.40–$1.35 2026: ~$0.62–$1.98 2027: ~$0.85–$2.60 2028: ~$1.18–$3.15 2029: ~$1.50–$3.85 36Crypto More conservative long-range: 2030: ~$2.37–$2.87 (DigitalCoinPrice model). ⚠️ Predictive models differ hugely — some show slow growth, others show stronger upside in a bullish crypto cycle. 📉 What Could Influence WAL Price 🟢 Bullish factors Protocol adoption: More real usage of Walrus decentralized storage (data & AI). Network demand: More people paying WAL to store data or stake. Market cycles: Crypto often rallies when overall sentiment turns bullish. 🔴 Bearish risks Low revenue: Protocol revenue is modest right now, so price may lag fundamentals. Market sentiment: WAL tends to follow broader crypto trends — if Bitcoin/altcoins cool, WAL may too. Volatility: High supply locks and sell pressure from early unlocks can push price down.#walrus @WalrusProtocol $WAL {alpha}(CT_7840x356a26eb9e012a68958082340d4c4116e7f55615cf27affcff209cf0ae544f59::wal::WAL)

Short- to Mid-Term Price Predictions

Analyst & algorithmic forecasts vary widely, because crypto prices depend on both fundamentals and overall market trends — there’s no guarantee of any outcome.
📅 Forecasts from different sources
Neutral/modest growth outlook:
~2026 average: $0.20–$0.25 (Gradual increase scenario).

Moderate bullish forecasts:
2025–2029 sees possible ranges like:
2025: ~$0.40–$1.35
2026: ~$0.62–$1.98
2027: ~$0.85–$2.60
2028: ~$1.18–$3.15
2029: ~$1.50–$3.85
36Crypto
More conservative long-range:
2030: ~$2.37–$2.87 (DigitalCoinPrice model).

⚠️ Predictive models differ hugely — some show slow growth, others show stronger upside in a bullish crypto cycle.
📉 What Could Influence WAL Price
🟢 Bullish factors
Protocol adoption: More real usage of Walrus decentralized storage (data & AI).
Network demand: More people paying WAL to store data or stake.
Market cycles: Crypto often rallies when overall sentiment turns bullish.

🔴 Bearish risks
Low revenue: Protocol revenue is modest right now, so price may lag fundamentals.

Market sentiment: WAL tends to follow broader crypto trends — if Bitcoin/altcoins cool, WAL may too.

Volatility: High supply locks and sell pressure from early unlocks can push price down.#walrus @Walrus 🦭/acc $WAL
Dịch
Roadmap (White Paper DirectionRoadmap (White Paper Direction) ✅ Phase 1 – Foundation (Completed / Near) Core Walrus storage protocol Red Stuff erasure coding Sui blockchain integration Blob storage & proofs 🚧 Phase 2 – Network Expansion More storage nodes onboarded Incentives for providers Performance optimization Better developer tooling 🚀 Phase 3 – Ecosystem Growth dApp integrations AI & large-dataset storage use cases Decentralized websites Cross-chain compatibility 🌐 Phase 4 – Decentralized Governance Community-driven decisions Parameter voting Reduced core-team control Fully decentralized storage economy#walrus @WalrusProtocol $WAL {future}(WALUSDT)

Roadmap (White Paper Direction

Roadmap (White Paper Direction)
✅ Phase 1 – Foundation (Completed / Near)
Core Walrus storage protocol
Red Stuff erasure coding
Sui blockchain integration
Blob storage & proofs
🚧 Phase 2 – Network Expansion
More storage nodes onboarded
Incentives for providers
Performance optimization
Better developer tooling
🚀 Phase 3 – Ecosystem Growth
dApp integrations
AI & large-dataset storage use cases
Decentralized websites
Cross-chain compatibility
🌐 Phase 4 – Decentralized Governance
Community-driven decisions
Parameter voting
Reduced core-team control
Fully decentralized storage economy#walrus @Walrus 🦭/acc $WAL
Xem bản gốc
Tiện ích Token WALTiện ích Token WAL (Tại sao token có giá trị) WAL không chỉ là một token giao dịch, nó là cần thiết để vận hành mạng: Trả tiền cho Lưu trữ Người dùng phải trả WAL để tải lên & lưu trữ tệp (blobs) Staking (Bảo mật) Các nút lưu trữ stake WAL để được lựa chọn Càng nhiều stake = càng nhiều tin cậy = càng nhiều phần thưởng Phần thưởng Các nhà cung cấp lưu trữ kiếm được WAL để giữ dữ liệu trực tuyến Quản trị Những người nắm giữ WAL bỏ phiếu cho các nâng cấp giao thức & thông số 🔥 Đốt & Hình phạt WAL có thể bị đốt thông qua: Cắt giảm các nút lưu trữ xấu/độc hại Hình phạt cho hành vi sai trái ➡️ Điều này tạo ra áp lực giảm phát theo thời gian

Tiện ích Token WAL

Tiện ích Token WAL (Tại sao token có giá trị)
WAL không chỉ là một token giao dịch, nó là cần thiết để vận hành mạng:
Trả tiền cho Lưu trữ
Người dùng phải trả WAL để tải lên & lưu trữ tệp (blobs)
Staking (Bảo mật)
Các nút lưu trữ stake WAL để được lựa chọn
Càng nhiều stake = càng nhiều tin cậy = càng nhiều phần thưởng
Phần thưởng
Các nhà cung cấp lưu trữ kiếm được WAL để giữ dữ liệu trực tuyến
Quản trị
Những người nắm giữ WAL bỏ phiếu cho các nâng cấp giao thức & thông số
🔥 Đốt & Hình phạt
WAL có thể bị đốt thông qua:
Cắt giảm các nút lưu trữ xấu/độc hại
Hình phạt cho hành vi sai trái
➡️ Điều này tạo ra áp lực giảm phát theo thời gian
Dịch
#walrus $WAL Walrus (WAL) is a next-generation decentralized storage network that combines: Efficient erasure coding (Red Stuff) Sui blockchain integration A tokenized economic model that aligns users, developers, and storage providers Governance and staking via the native WAL token Key Features & Use Cases Walrus aims to be more than just storage — it’s designed to power decentralized Web3 and AI applications: ✅ Large file storage (videos, images, AI datasets) ✅ Programmable decentralized storage via smart contracts ✅ Decentralized websites hosted on chain ✅ External application integration across ecosystems ✅ High fault tolerance and cost efficiency
#walrus $WAL Walrus (WAL) is a next-generation decentralized storage network that combines:

Efficient erasure coding (Red Stuff)
Sui blockchain integration
A tokenized economic model that aligns users, developers, and storage providers
Governance and staking via the native WAL token

Key Features & Use Cases

Walrus aims to be more than just storage — it’s designed to power decentralized Web3 and AI applications: ✅ Large file storage (videos, images, AI datasets)
✅ Programmable decentralized storage via smart contracts
✅ Decentralized websites hosted on chain
✅ External application integration across ecosystems
✅ High fault tolerance and cost efficiency
Bán
WALUSDT
Đã đóng
PNL
-10.37%
Dịch
#walrus $WAL Protocol Operations 🔄 Epochs Walrus operates in epochs — fixed time periods: At each epoch, a set of storage nodes is selected based on WAL stake. Nodes receive rewards for storing and serving blobs. The network rebalances and updates node assignments. 💾 Blob Management A blob remains available for the duration paid for with WAL. Deletable blobs can be removed by the writer, freeing space. Non-deletable blobs are guaranteed to stay available and can be independently proven available on the Sui chain.
#walrus $WAL

Protocol Operations
🔄 Epochs

Walrus operates in epochs — fixed time periods:
At each epoch, a set of storage nodes is selected based on WAL stake.
Nodes receive rewards for storing and serving blobs.
The network rebalances and updates node assignments.

💾 Blob Management

A blob remains available for the duration paid for with WAL.
Deletable blobs can be removed by the writer, freeing space.
Non-deletable blobs are guaranteed to stay available and can be independently proven available on the Sui chain.
Bán
WALUSDT
Đã đóng
PNL
-10.37%
Dịch
#walrus $WAL Token Economics (Tokenomics) 🪙 WAL Token Uses The WAL token is central to how Walrus works: Payment for Storage Users pay WAL to store data on the network. Payments are usually prepaid and then gradually distributed to storage providers over time. Staking & Security Storage nodes and token holders can stake WAL to support network security via delegated Proof-of-Stake (dPoS). Higher stakes mean higher chances to be selected to store and serve data. Governance WAL holders can vote on key protocol parameters and future upgrades. 📈 Token Supply and Distribution Total supply: 5,000,000,000 WAL. walrus.xyz Distribution highlights: ~43% to community reserve ~10% user airdrop ~10% subsidies to kickstart adoption ~30% core contributors ~7% investors
#walrus $WAL Token Economics (Tokenomics)
🪙 WAL Token Uses
The WAL token is central to how Walrus works:

Payment for Storage

Users pay WAL to store data on the network. Payments are usually prepaid and then gradually distributed to storage providers over time.

Staking & Security

Storage nodes and token holders can stake WAL to support network security via delegated Proof-of-Stake (dPoS). Higher stakes mean higher chances to be selected to store and serve data.

Governance
WAL holders can vote on key protocol parameters and future upgrades.

📈 Token Supply and Distribution

Total supply: 5,000,000,000 WAL.
walrus.xyz
Distribution highlights:
~43% to community reserve
~10% user airdrop
~10% subsidies to kickstart adoption
~30% core contributors
~7% investors
Bán
DUSKUSDT
Đã đóng
PNL
+0,07USDT
Dịch
#walrus $WAL Tokenomics & Distribution Total supply: 5,000,000,000 WAL. A large portion is earmarked for community incentives, rewards, and ecosystem growth. WAL tokens are used directly in network operation and fees. 🛠️ 5. Integration with Blockchain Walrus runs with the Sui blockchain as the coordination layer — Sui handles data availability proofs, smart contracts, and transaction logic. Sui’s object model and Move smart contracts enable efficient on-chain coordination for storage tasks.
#walrus $WAL

Tokenomics & Distribution

Total supply: 5,000,000,000 WAL.
A large portion is earmarked for community incentives, rewards, and ecosystem growth.
WAL tokens are used directly in network operation and fees.

🛠️ 5. Integration with Blockchain

Walrus runs with the Sui blockchain as the coordination layer — Sui handles data availability proofs, smart contracts, and transaction logic.
Sui’s object model and Move smart contracts enable efficient on-chain coordination for storage tasks.
Bán
DUSKUSDT
Đã đóng
PNL
+0,07USDT
Dịch
#walrus $WAL {future}(WALUSDT) White Paper Highlights 🧱 1. Technical Innovation — Red Stuff Erasure Coding Walrus uses a proprietary two-dimensional erasure coding protocol called Red Stuff that significantly reduces storage overhead compared to simple replication. It enables efficient data reconstruction even if many storage nodes fail. Red Stuff supports asynchronous network challenges and strong fault tolerance. ⚙️ 2. Decentralized Storage Architecture Files are split into small shards and stored across many independent storage node operators. A delegated Proof-of-Stake (dPoS) consensus mechanism with WAL token staking helps secure the network and align incentives. Users pay WAL tokens to store data, while node operators who maintain storage earn rewards. 💰 3. WAL Token Utility The WAL token has multiple key roles within the ecosystem: ✔️ Storage payments — tokens are required to upload/store data. ✔️ Staking & security — nodes must stake WAL to participate securely. ✔️ Governance participation — staked nodes can vote on some network parameters. ✔️ Economic incentives — rewards are distributed to node operators and participants. {future}(BNBUSDT)
#walrus $WAL
White Paper Highlights

🧱 1. Technical Innovation — Red Stuff Erasure Coding
Walrus uses a proprietary two-dimensional erasure coding protocol called Red Stuff that significantly reduces storage overhead compared to simple replication.
It enables efficient data reconstruction even if many storage nodes fail.
Red Stuff supports asynchronous network challenges and strong fault tolerance.

⚙️ 2. Decentralized Storage Architecture

Files are split into small shards and stored across many independent storage node operators.
A delegated Proof-of-Stake (dPoS) consensus mechanism with WAL token staking helps secure the network and align incentives.
Users pay WAL tokens to store data, while node operators who maintain storage earn rewards.

💰 3. WAL Token Utility

The WAL token has multiple key roles within the ecosystem:
✔️ Storage payments — tokens are required to upload/store data.
✔️ Staking & security — nodes must stake WAL to participate securely.
✔️ Governance participation — staked nodes can vote on some network parameters.
✔️ Economic incentives — rewards are distributed to node operators and participants.
Dịch
DUSKN Network optimizationDusk’s peer-to-peer (P2P) layer, Kadcast, provides a structured and efficient com- munication protocol for the propagation of blocks, transactions, and consensus mes- sages. Unlike unstructured P2P protocols such as Gossip [19] and LibP2P [20], which broadcast messages indiscriminately to all neighboring nodes, Kadcast utilizes the Kademlia distributed hash table (DHT) protocol to organize nodes in a hierarchi- cal structure and optimize data transmission paths using XOR distance metrics [21]. This structured approach enables Kadcast to reduce message redundancy and achieve more efficient bandwidth usage compared to unstructured protocols. Studies indicate that Kadcast achieves an approximate 25-50% reduction in band- width usage compared to Gossip protocols, as nodes forward messages only to se- lected peers rather than broadcasting to all neighboring nodes [22]. This bandwidth optimization not only conserves network resources but also leads to tangible energy savings at both the node and infrastructure levels. By minimizing the number of transmissions required to propagate data across the network, Kadcast conserves en- ergy on individual nodes by lowering the computational load associated with message processing. Moreover, reduced bandwidth usage alleviates data load on the internet backbone, indirectly reducing energy expenditure on global data routing. In addition to bandwidth efficiency, Kadcast’s structured message propagation contributes to a 10-30% reduction in stale block rates in scenarios with faster block times, such as Ethereum-like networks [22]. Lower stale block rates mean that nodes spend less computational power on processing blocks that ultimately do not get ac- cepted into the chain, reducing the energy overhead associated with redundant block validation and consensus efforts. In PoS networks, this reduction translates into more efficient utilization of network resources, as fewer block attestations are wasted$DUSK {future}(DUSKUSDT) @Dusk_Foundation

DUSKN Network optimization

Dusk’s peer-to-peer (P2P) layer, Kadcast, provides a structured and efficient com-
munication protocol for the propagation of blocks, transactions, and consensus mes-
sages. Unlike unstructured P2P protocols such as Gossip [19] and LibP2P [20], which
broadcast messages indiscriminately to all neighboring nodes, Kadcast utilizes the
Kademlia distributed hash table (DHT) protocol to organize nodes in a hierarchi-
cal structure and optimize data transmission paths using XOR distance metrics [21].
This structured approach enables Kadcast to reduce message redundancy and achieve
more efficient bandwidth usage compared to unstructured protocols.
Studies indicate that Kadcast achieves an approximate 25-50% reduction in band-
width usage compared to Gossip protocols, as nodes forward messages only to se-
lected peers rather than broadcasting to all neighboring nodes [22]. This bandwidth
optimization not only conserves network resources but also leads to tangible energy
savings at both the node and infrastructure levels. By minimizing the number of transmissions required to propagate data across the network, Kadcast conserves en-
ergy on individual nodes by lowering the computational load associated with message
processing. Moreover, reduced bandwidth usage alleviates data load on the internet
backbone, indirectly reducing energy expenditure on global data routing.
In addition to bandwidth efficiency, Kadcast’s structured message propagation
contributes to a 10-30% reduction in stale block rates in scenarios with faster block
times, such as Ethereum-like networks [22]. Lower stale block rates mean that nodes
spend less computational power on processing blocks that ultimately do not get ac-
cepted into the chain, reducing the energy overhead associated with redundant block
validation and consensus efforts. In PoS networks, this reduction translates into more
efficient utilization of network resources, as fewer block attestations are wasted$DUSK
@Dusk_Foundation
Xem bản gốc
Khả năng chịu lỗi và động lực của mạng DuskKhả năng chịu lỗi và động lực của mạng Kadcast về bản chất có khả năng chịu đựng sự thay đổi và thất bại của mạng nhờ vào sự phụ thuộc của nó vào DHT của Kademlia. Trong các mạng động cao, nơi mà các nút thường xuyên tham gia và rời bỏ, Kadcast đảm bảo rằng sự lan truyền tin nhắn vẫn mạnh mẽ. Các nút có thể động thái cập nhật các bảng định tuyến của họ bằng cách loại bỏ các đồng nghiệp đã thất bại và thay thế chúng bằng các các. Việc đánh giá lại và cập nhật liên tục các bảng định tuyến cho phép Kadcast duy trì khả năng sẵn sàng cao và khả năng chịu lỗi. Ngoài ra, việc sử dụng nhiều đồng nghiệp trong các xô có nghĩa là nếu một nút thất bại

Khả năng chịu lỗi và động lực của mạng Dusk

Khả năng chịu lỗi và động lực của mạng
Kadcast về bản chất có khả năng chịu đựng sự thay đổi và thất bại của mạng nhờ vào sự phụ thuộc của nó vào
DHT của Kademlia. Trong các mạng động cao, nơi mà các nút thường xuyên tham gia và rời bỏ,
Kadcast đảm bảo rằng sự lan truyền tin nhắn vẫn mạnh mẽ. Các nút có thể động thái
cập nhật các bảng định tuyến của họ bằng cách loại bỏ các đồng nghiệp đã thất bại và thay thế chúng bằng các
các. Việc đánh giá lại và cập nhật liên tục các bảng định tuyến cho phép Kadcast
duy trì khả năng sẵn sàng cao và khả năng chịu lỗi.
Ngoài ra, việc sử dụng nhiều đồng nghiệp trong các xô có nghĩa là nếu một nút thất bại
Dịch
Kadcast architecture of DuskKadcast builds upon the principles of the Kademlia DHT protocol, organizing net- work nodes in a hierarchical, tree-like structure where each node maintains a routingtable sorted by XOR distance between its node ID and other nodes. This distance metric ensures that nodes are able to efficiently locate and communicate with other peers within the network. Routing tables are divided into buckets, which store con- tact information for peers at various distances. By making use of Kademlia’s XOR distance, Kadcast ensures that the farther a node is from the sender, the fewer in- termediate nodes are required to relay the message, reducing message propagation time. Kadcast’s primary innovation lies in its broadcast mechanism, which optimizes the distribution of messages by limiting redundant transmissions. Instead of broad- casting to all neighboring nodes, each node forwards messages only to selected peers at increasing XOR distances, creating an efficient cascading effect. This significantly reduces bandwidth usage compared to traditional flooding or gossip-based P2P net- works, where each message is broadcast to all neighbors regardless of the distance or the network structure. Multicast trees. One of Kadcast’s key features is its use of multicast trees to organize message dissemination. Multicast groups are formed based on node proximity in the Kademlia DHT structure. When a node sends a message, it does so through its closest peers, which in turn propagate the message to their neighbors at increasing XOR distances. This structured propagation allows for optimal coverage of the network with minimal overhead, ensuring that each node receives the message with the fewest possible relays. By structuring message dissemination this way, Kadcast drastically reduces the overall number of transmissions required to propagate data across the network.@Dusk_Foundation $DUSK {future}(DUSKUSDT) #dusk

Kadcast architecture of Dusk

Kadcast builds upon the principles of the Kademlia DHT protocol, organizing net-
work nodes in a hierarchical, tree-like structure where each node maintains a routingtable sorted by XOR distance between its node ID and other nodes. This distance
metric ensures that nodes are able to efficiently locate and communicate with other
peers within the network. Routing tables are divided into buckets, which store con-
tact information for peers at various distances. By making use of Kademlia’s XOR
distance, Kadcast ensures that the farther a node is from the sender, the fewer in-
termediate nodes are required to relay the message, reducing message propagation
time.
Kadcast’s primary innovation lies in its broadcast mechanism, which optimizes
the distribution of messages by limiting redundant transmissions. Instead of broad-
casting to all neighboring nodes, each node forwards messages only to selected peers
at increasing XOR distances, creating an efficient cascading effect. This significantly
reduces bandwidth usage compared to traditional flooding or gossip-based P2P net-
works, where each message is broadcast to all neighbors regardless of the distance or
the network structure.
Multicast trees. One of Kadcast’s key features is its use of multicast trees to organize
message dissemination. Multicast groups are formed based on node proximity in the
Kademlia DHT structure. When a node sends a message, it does so through its closest
peers, which in turn propagate the message to their neighbors at increasing XOR
distances. This structured propagation allows for optimal coverage of the network
with minimal overhead, ensuring that each node receives the message with the fewest
possible relays. By structuring message dissemination this way, Kadcast drastically
reduces the overall number of transmissions required to propagate data across the
network.@Dusk $DUSK
#dusk
Dịch
#dusk $DUSK {future}(DUSKUSDT) The aim of this whitepaper is to give an overview of the technical foundations of the Dusk network. The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 we discuss Kadcast, the peer-to-peer network implemented within Dusk network. In Section 3 we introduce the SA consensus algorithm. In the following Section 4 we present the Moonlight and Phoenix transaction models. In Section 5 we explore the energy-efficiency design prin- ciples embedded within the Dusk network. In Section 6 we give some implementation details about Dusk’s virtual machine and genesis contracts. We conclude with some general remarks in Section 7. 2 Peer-to-peer communication Dusk uses the Kadcast [22] peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol as the underlying commu- nication layer for broadcasting blocks, transactions, and consensus votes. Kadcast is based on the Kademlia distributed hash table (DHT) protocol [21], which optimizes network performance by reducing redundancy and message collisions. Kadcast’s im- plementation addresses the limitations of traditional P2P networks, such as high bandwidth consumption and delayed message delivery, by introducing a structured, efficient broadcast mechanism that ensures reliable and timely message propagation across all nodes. These features are particularly important for Dusk, specially in environments where network resources may be constrained, and low-latency communication is a priority. Furthermore, the network’s privacy requirements are well-aligned with Kad- cast’s structure, as the protocol naturally obfuscates message origin points by prop- agating messages across a network of nodes without relying on direct peer-to-peer connections.
#dusk $DUSK
The aim of this whitepaper is to give an overview of the technical foundations of the
Dusk network. The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 we discuss Kadcast, the
peer-to-peer network implemented within Dusk network. In Section 3 we introduce
the SA consensus algorithm. In the following Section 4 we present the Moonlight and
Phoenix transaction models. In Section 5 we explore the energy-efficiency design prin-
ciples embedded within the Dusk network. In Section 6 we give some implementation
details about Dusk’s virtual machine and genesis contracts. We conclude with some
general remarks in Section 7.
2 Peer-to-peer communication
Dusk uses the Kadcast [22] peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol as the underlying commu-
nication layer for broadcasting blocks, transactions, and consensus votes. Kadcast is
based on the Kademlia distributed hash table (DHT) protocol [21], which optimizes
network performance by reducing redundancy and message collisions. Kadcast’s im-
plementation addresses the limitations of traditional P2P networks, such as high
bandwidth consumption and delayed message delivery, by introducing a structured,
efficient broadcast mechanism that ensures reliable and timely message propagation
across all nodes.
These features are particularly important for Dusk, specially in environments
where network resources may be constrained, and low-latency communication is a
priority. Furthermore, the network’s privacy requirements are well-aligned with Kad-
cast’s structure, as the protocol naturally obfuscates message origin points by prop-
agating messages across a network of nodes without relying on direct peer-to-peer
connections.
--
Tăng giá
Dịch
#dusk $DUSK {future}(DUSKUSDT) When compared to platforms such as Ethereum, Cardano, or privacy-focused blockchains like Monero, Dusk’s focus is significantly more aligned with meeting regulatory needs while supporting private and scalable transactions. Ethereum, for instance, has be- come a popular choice for decentralized finance (DeFi), but its transparency and lack of built-in privacy faces challenges for handling sensitive financial data. While second- layer solutions, such as zk-rollups, have emerged to mitigate these issues, Dusk offers a more integrated approach, embedding privacy within the core of the network’s pro- tocol. Similarly, privacy-centric platforms like Zcash and Monero are optimized for individual privacy but lack the necessary infrastructure for compliance in regulated industries, uch as securities trading or financial auditing.$
#dusk $DUSK
When compared to platforms such as Ethereum, Cardano, or privacy-focused blockchains
like Monero, Dusk’s focus is significantly more aligned with meeting regulatory needs
while supporting private and scalable transactions. Ethereum, for instance, has be-
come a popular choice for decentralized finance (DeFi), but its transparency and lack
of built-in privacy faces challenges for handling sensitive financial data. While second-
layer solutions, such as zk-rollups, have emerged to mitigate these issues, Dusk offers
a more integrated approach, embedding privacy within the core of the network’s pro-
tocol. Similarly, privacy-centric platforms like Zcash and Monero are optimized for
individual privacy but lack the necessary infrastructure for compliance in regulated
industries, uch as securities trading or financial auditing.$
Dịch
#dusk $DUSK Additionally, Dusk makes use of two transaction models, Moonlight and Phoenix. While Moonlight is a transparent, account-based model, Phoenix is a UTXO-based model that supports both transparent and obfuscated transactions. The combination of these two models makes Dusk highly suitable for financial transactions that require privacy without sacrificing compliance, as regulators can access necessary data while still ensuring confidentiality for the general public. Dusk also integrates the Zedger protocol, which is designed to support confidential smart contracts tailored for financial applications. Zedger focuses on security token offerings and financial instruments, ensuring regulatory compliance while enabling the execution of private transactions and contracts. This way, Dusk aims to provide a blockchain infrastructure that aligns with traditional finance’s legal and regulatory requirements.
#dusk $DUSK Additionally, Dusk makes use of two transaction models, Moonlight and Phoenix.
While Moonlight is a transparent, account-based model, Phoenix is a UTXO-based
model that supports both transparent and obfuscated transactions. The combination
of these two models makes Dusk highly suitable for financial transactions that require
privacy without sacrificing compliance, as regulators can access necessary data while
still ensuring confidentiality for the general public.
Dusk also integrates the Zedger protocol, which is designed to support confidential
smart contracts tailored for financial applications. Zedger focuses on security token
offerings and financial instruments, ensuring regulatory compliance while enabling
the execution of private transactions and contracts. This way, Dusk aims to provide
a blockchain infrastructure that aligns with traditional finance’s legal and regulatory
requirements.
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